[安徽专升本句子成分和结构.docVIP

一 英语语法概要 Members of the sentence 1. The students of Class Four are attentively reading the book written by Lu Xun 2. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for proper responses will experience greater intellectual development. 1. 主语（Subject） 它是句子的主体，是“什么人，什么事，什么物”的问题。常由n,pron,num,to-do,-ving,clause 担任。 ①.Professor Wang is a well- known scholar. ②.I read English newspaper every day. ③.To become a professor has been his ambition. ④. Smoking is harmful to health. (5) What we shall do next is not yet decided. (6) It doesn’t matter whether he will come or not. 2. 谓语（Precicate） 它是说 明主语的动作或状态的部分.除了 特殊的倒装结构一般位于主语后。 ①His father is a fireman. ②The children laughed. ③We should pay attention to English idioms. 3.宾语（Object） 宾语是及物动词的对象和内容。不及物动词后不能接宾语。介词后面的名词或代词叫做介词宾语。可有n,pron,num或与之相当的结构担任。如： (1) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (2) I don’t know where he has gone. (3) The sun gives us light and warmth. 4. 补语（Complement） 用于补充说明主语或宾补。常由adj,n或相当的结构充当。 ①.He doesn’t believe the story true. ②.The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. ③.They saw her walking into the bookstore. (4) He was considered to be the best player. 5. 表语（Predicative） 它在联系动词之后表示主语的性质、特征、状态或身份的部分。可有n,pron,adj,adv,num,to-do,-ving,clause担任。如： ①.Susan is always careless. ②.Her job is to look after the children. ③.His job is teaching you how to use the machine. ④.The key question is how we should solve the problem. 6.定语（Attributive） 用来限定或修饰名词或代词。通常由形容词或与之相当的结构担任。 它可以是一个词或是几个词或者一个词组，或者是个句子。位置比较灵活，可在名词前后。 (1)The yellow bike is mine. (2) A very valuable bronze Egyptian cat. (3) The man who gave us a report yesterday was a model worker. (4) This is a book which tells rocket technology. (5) After all, he is a five- year-old boy. 7 状语(Adverbial) 用来修饰动 词,形容词,副词或整个句子.它常由副词或与之相当的结构担任。 (1) Rose speaks English quite well. (2) He went to France to learn French. (3) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. (4