系统解剖学课件完整版—11 Sensory Organs-hemeihua.pptVIP

病例 感觉器 Sensory Organs Sensory Organs 感觉器 是感受器receptor及其附属结构的总称 外感受器 分布在皮肤、黏膜、视器和听器等处 内感受器 分布于内脏和心血管等处，接受如渗透压、压力、温度、离子和化合物浓度等的刺激。 本体感受器 分布在肌、肌腱、关节和内耳的位觉器等处。 视 器Visual Organ Anatomy of the Eyeball Fibrous Tunic 纤维膜 Cornea 角膜: Avascular, Transparent Sensitive Sclera 巩膜: White Opaque Protective The structure of the cornea Vascular Tunic 血管膜 Iris 虹膜 Visible colored part of the eye. Smooth muscle determines size of pupil. 　Sphincter pupillae muscle 　Dilator pupillae muscle 睫状肌的调节作用 Choroid 脉络膜 Vascular, darkly pigmented membrane Prevents scattering of light rays within the eye Retina 视网膜 Pigmented layer 色素上皮层 Neural layer 神经层 Photoreceptors 感光细胞 Bipolar cells双极细胞 Ganglion cells节细胞 Opthalmoscopic View of Retina Optic disc 视神经盘 No photoreceptors, blind spot. Macula lutea 黄斑 Fovea centralis 中央凹: area of greatest visual acuity; photoreceptor cells tightly packed Content of the Eyeball 眼球内容物 Vitreous body 玻璃体 Lens 晶状体 Aqueous humor 房水 Glaucoma 青光眼 Light bending structures Cornea Aqueous humor Lens Vitreous body Focusing, Accommodation Distant Vision: Ciliary muscles are relaxed. Lens is flat. Near vision: Ciliary muscles contract. Tension of ciliary zonule is reduced. Lens becomes more spherical, greater refraction of light Corrections of ametropia Eyelids 眼睑 Conjunctiva 结膜 Lacrimal apparatus 泪器 眼球外肌 病例 前庭蜗器Vestibulocochlear Organ Vestibulocochlear Organ 前庭蜗器（位听器） 外耳 中耳 内耳 External Ear 外耳 耳 廓 外耳道 鼓膜 Auditory Ossicles 听小骨 Auditory tube 咽鼓管 连通咽腔和鼓室 鼓室口开口于鼓室前壁 咽鼓管咽口 声音的传导 1、空气传导 外耳 鼓膜 听小骨链 前庭窗 前庭阶外淋巴 蜗孔 蜗管内淋巴 鼓阶外淋巴 螺旋器 神经冲动 2、骨传导 蜗神经 听皮质 Bibliography Lance Hahns Retina Reference. The structures of the eye. /~lance/retina/retina.html /jiepou2008/curricula.htm 泪腺 泪道 泪点 泪小管