ppt课件-chapter8旋转运动——东伊利诺斯州大学（ chapter8 rotational motion- eastern illinois university）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-chapter8旋转运动——东伊利诺斯州大学（ chapter8 rotational motion- eastern illinois university）.ppt

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Dr. Jie Zou PHY 1071 Chapter 20 Sound The physicist usually takes the objective position and defines sound as a form of energy that exists whether or not it is heard and goes on from there to investigate its nature. Main topics Origin of sound Nature of sound in air Speed of sound in air Natural frequency Resonance Origin of sound Most sounds are waves produced by the vibrations of material objects. For example, In a piano, violin, and guitar, the sound is produced by the vibrating strings. Your voice results from the vibration of your vocal cords. In each of these cases, The original vibrations stimulates the vibration of something larger or more massive, such as the sounding board of a stringed instrument, or the air in the throat and mouth of a singer. This vibrating material then sends a disturbance through the surrounding medium, usually air, in the form of longitudinal waves. Under ordinary conditions, the frequency of the vibrating source and the frequency of the sound waves produced are the same. Pitch and frequency of sound Pitch: we describe our subjective impression about frequency of sound by the word pitch. Frequency corresponds to pitch: A high-pitched sound like that form a piccolo has a high frequency of vibration. A low-pitched sound like that form a fog horn has a low frequency of vibration. The human ear of a young person can normally hear pitches corresponding to the range of frequencies between 20 and 20,000 hertz. Infrasonic: frequencies below 20 hertz. Ultrasonic: frequencies above 20,000 hertz. Nature of sound in air Compression and rarefaction When the door is opened, a compression travels across the room. When the door is closed, a rarefaction travels across the room. It is not the medium itself that travels across the room, but the energy-carrying pulse. The pulse (disturbance) travels from the door to the curtain. A continual swing of the door open and closed in a periodic fashion will set up a wave of periodic compressions and r