竞技体育运动致害侵权行为法定位及救济方式.docx

摘 要竞技体育运动由于其本身的高度专业性和风险性，使得其在具备较高观赏价值的同时，也产生了众多的体育伤害事故。特别是近年来随着更多的功利及价值因素溶入其中，竞技体育呈现给我们的不但有精彩刺激的比赛，还有愈演愈烈的赛场暴力以及各种违反体育道德、公平竞争理念的行径。对于这些伤害事故和致害行为，由于我国法律上的立法空白，加之长期以来缺乏深入的理论对比研究，造成在实践中对相关问题的概念认识不清、性质定位模糊，，以致于在发生竞技体育运动伤害事故纠纷时，缺乏正确的理论指导，盲目地采用所谓的“内部规约”或“行业惯例”等作为处理依据，以私下调解和协商作为基本的处理方式，使得处理结果缺少公信力和强制执行的效力，并不能获得各方当事人的充分认可，也难以保障受害人的合法权益。通过对相关概念的对比分析可以发现：竞技体育运动伤害事故不同于一般的侵权伤害，其有着自身的特点和特殊的构成要件，具备法律意义上的独立性和可调控性。因此，围绕竞技体育的参与主体，可以从不同角度归纳总结出各主体在竞技体育运动中所应具备的注意义务，以及在发生伤害事故后所应当承担的责任和赔偿等相关事宜。而这其中又不可避免的要澄清和驳斥各种对于竞技体育侵权赔偿的理论抗辩及习惯性做法。只有在此基础上，我们才能通过诸如体育侵权立法和诉讼的完善、行业协会的自律、体育伤害责任保险和社会保障、以及体育仲裁等，最终达到解决竞技体育侵权责任纠纷、保障当事人合法权益的目的。关键词：竞技体育运动；伤害事故；侵权行为；赔偿责任；救济方式IAbstractBecause of the competitive sport’s professional and dangerous characteristic, make it not onlyhas the ornamental value, but also produces a lot of injury accidents. Especially the competitivesports were dissolved in more and more utility and value in recent years, so the competitive sportsnot only presented us the exciting games, but also had more and more severe game violence and allkinds of behaviors against the sportsmanship and fair play. Facing to these injury accidents and injuryconducts, because the blank of legislation and lacking the long-term or further theoretical research toits nature and settlement mechanism, so the concept and the nature of some matters hasn’t beenrealized clearly. All these leading to lake the right theory of constructivism and blindly adopt theso-called “internal protocol” or “industrial standard” as the basis, and adopt the mediating ornegotiation in private as the basic processing mode. This make the result lacking of the public creditand enforcement effect, and not only can’t been full accreditation to the all sides, but also difficult tosafeguard the victim’s lawful rights and interests.Comparatively analysis the relational concept, we can find: the injury accidents of the competitivesports were different from the ordinary infringement damage, it had the characteristic and theparticular components