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integrationby substitution- tredyffrin easttown school district（idoc替代tredyffrin easttown学区）.doc

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integrationby substitution- tredyffrin easttown school district（idoc替代tredyffrin easttown学区）

10.1 Integration by Substitution Each basic rule of integration that you have studied so far was derived from a corresponding differentiation rule. Even though you have learned all the necessary tools for differentiating exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, and algebraic functions, your set of tools for integrating these functions is not yet complete. In this chapter we will explore different ways of integrating functions and develop several integration techniques that will greatly expand the set of integrals to which the basic integration formulas can be applied. Before we do that, let us review the basic integration formulas that you are already familiar with from previous chapters. 1. The Power Rule : 2. The General Power Rule : 3. The Simple Exponential Rule: 4. The General Exponential Rule: 5. The Simple Log Rule: 6. The General Log Rule: It is important that you remember the above rules because we will be using them extensively to solve more complicated integration problems. The skill that you need to develop is to determine which of these basic rules is needed to solve an integration problem. Learning Objectives A student will be able to: Compute by hand the integrals of a wide variety of functions by using the technique of substitution. Apply the substitution technique to definite integrals. Apply the substitution technique to trig functions. Probably one of the most powerful techniques of integration is integration by substitution. In this technique, you choose part of the integrand to be equal to a variable we will call and then write the entire integrand in terms of The difficulty of the technique is deciding which term in the integrand will be best for substitution by However, with practice, you will develop a skill for choosing the right term. Recall from Chapter 2 that if is a differentiable function of and if is a real number and then the Chain Rule tells us that The reverse of this formula is the integration formula,