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RSS Tech. Proposal 121599A-1 Revised: November 2, 2000 Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) Version 2 AMSR Ocean Algorithm Principal Investigator: Frank J. Wentz Co-Investigator: Thomas Meissner Prepared for: EOS Project Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Greenbelt, MD 20771 Prepared by: Table of Contents Overview and Background Information 1 Introduction 1 Objectives of Investigation 2 Approach to Algorithm Development 2 Algorithm Development Plan 3 Concerns Regarding Sea-Surface Temperature Retrieval 3 Historical Perspective 5 AMSR Instrument Characteristics 7 Geophysical Model for the Ocean and Atmosphere 10 Introduction 10 Radiative Transfer Equation 10 Model for the Atmosphere 13 Dielectric Constant of Sea-Water and the Specular Sea Surface 20 The Wind-Roughened Sea Surface 23 Atmospheric Radiation Scattered by the Sea Surface 28 Wind Direction Effects 29 The Ocean Retrieval Algorithm 31 Introduction 31 Multiple Linear Regression Algorithm 31 Derivation and Testing of the Linear Regression Algorithm 32 Non-Linear, Iterative Algorithm 36 Post-Launch In-Situ Regression Algorithm 38 Incidence Angle Variations 39 Level-2 Data Processing Issues 40 Retrievals at Different Spatial Resolutions 40 Granules and Metadata 43 Requirements for Ancillary Data Sets 44 Computer Resources and Programming Standards 45 Validation for the Ocean Products Suite 46 Introduction 46 Sea-Surface Temperature Validation 47 Wind Speed Validation 49 Water Vapor Validation 50 Cloud Water Validation 52 References