lecture4 -地理利兹（ lecture4- geog leeds）.docVIP

School of GeographyUniversity of Leeds ? 2004/2005Level 2Louise Mackay EARTH OBSERVATION AND GIS OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT – GEOG2750 Week 4 Lecture 4: Radiometric, Atmospheric and Geometric Pre-Processing of Optical Earth Observed Images Aims: This lecture will introduce you to the most common forms of processing that need to be performed before Earth observation images can be used quantitatively to characterise and map the Earth’s terrestrial environment. It covers the stages involved in converting (inverting) digital Earth observed multispectral images back to estimates of at-surface reflectance. It also considers the most commonly employed approach for the correction of geometric errors and registration of Earth observed images to digital map data sets used in many GIS applications. Lecture 4 consists of the following topics: Why pre-process remotely sensed digital images. Radiometric calibration. Atmospheric correction approaches. Geometric correction and image registration. Conclusion – Pre-processing top-tips. Work through each of the main topics in order. A reading list is supplied at the end of the content or can be accessed at http://lib5.leeds.ac.uk/rlists/geog/geog2750.htm. Begin Lecture 4 here Why pre-process remotely sensed digital images? Rarely are remotely-sensed images provided where they can be directly applied to an environmental application. For example, emitted radiance from a surface travels through the atmosphere; this process can both attenuate and add to sensor radiance. Geometric distortions also result from flightline orientation or orbit characteristics. An image may exhibit all of these undesirable features which often depend on the supplier’s level of pre-processing. In certain cases they must be removed before inferring or estimating properties about the Earth’s surface: Such as when comparing quantitatively images, estimated properties or cover types acquired at different dates and/or When wishing to