t h e k s h m我我的南加利福尼亚大学（ t h e k a s h m i r i s- universityof southern california）.docVIP

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t h e k s h m我我的南加利福尼亚大学（ t h e k a s h m i r i s- universityof southern california）.doc

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THE KASHMIRIS August, 1947: The subcontinent is partitioned to create the states of India and Pakistan. The rulers of princely states like Jammu Kashmir are given two choices: join India or Pakistan, subject to their demographic composition and geographic constraints. Kashmir has a majority Muslim population and a Hindu monarch. Independence is ruled out, although a popular movement led by Sheikh Abdullah favors this option. The Hindu monarch concludes standstill agreements with both countries to ensure that services such as posts and transports will continue (Baxter et al. 1987, 371). For India, Kashmir is a critical demonstration of its secular ideals. For Pakistan, the incorporation of Kashmir is viewed as vital to the two nation theory that was used to justify the creation of the Muslim state of Pakistan. October 1947: A tribal rebellion breaks out in Poonch, along the western reaches. Pakistan sends in troops disguised as tribesmen to support the rebellion. As the rebels approach Srinagar, the Maharajah contacts New Delhi for aid. Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru agrees subject to two conditions: Kashmir would have to accede to India and the accession would have to have the support of Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah, the leader of the largest and most popular secular movement in the area. The Instrument of Accession is signed; Indian troops land on October 27 and rapidly halt the invading forces (Ganguly 1996a, 149-50). January 1, 1948: India brings the issue to the Security Council, accusing Pakistan of sending infiltrators into Kashmir. The Security Council is requested to restore peace in Kashmir. The holding of a plebiscite under international supervision is conditionally accepted (Wirsing 1994, 264). In 1948, Sheikh Abdullah becomes the head of Jammu Kashmir, taking over from the Hindu ruler. January 20, 1948: Security Council Resolution S/654 establishes a UN Commission on India and Pakistan (UNCIP). The three member Co