第 1 章-经济思考（ chapter1- the economic wayof thinking）.docVIP

Chapter 4 - Choice, Markets, and the Government Part I: Multiple Choice Answer: c Level: 1 Anything that people want to achieve is known as a(n) _____. Choice Constraint Objective Theory Answer: c Level: 1 Constraints on opportunities exist because of _______. Choice Objective Scarcity Theory Answer: d Level: 2 Which of the following is an example of a constraint? The goal of the government is to encourage trade among market participants. I prefer to drink milk. My company seeks to mine 1,000 pounds of iron ore. I have $10 to spend either on going to the movies or playing pool. Answer: b Level: 1 Property rights are an example of a(n) _______. Choice Constraint Objective Scarcity Answer: c Level: 3 Janine lives in a college dormitory in which the rules allow her to ask another student to turn off their music if it is being played too loudly. This rule is an example of _________. Ockham’s razor An objective A property right Bounded rationality Answer: b Level: 1 Acting purposefully to achieve an objective, given constraints on available opportunities, is known as __________. Property rights Rationality Ockham’s razor Scarcity Answer: d Level: 1 The tendency to prefer simpler theories to more complex ones is known as ________. Bounded rationality Unbounded rationality Economics Ockham’s razor Answer: b Level: 2 Economists assume that people behave in a rational way because They believe all people in the market really are rational. The assumption is a useful simplification that provides valid insights about behavior in a given set of circumstances. They do not believe in Ockham’s razor. They do not believe in scarcity. Answer: d Level: 2 A theory may fail because It fails to recognize the constraints on opportunities. It is based on a misunderstanding of peoples’ objectives. Not enough people are behaving in a rational way. For any of the above reasons. Answer: a Level: 1 The assumption that people intend to make choic