间脑-大脑的发生题库.ppt

间脑、端脑的发生 徐州医学院细胞生物学与神经生物学教研室 高殿帅 垂体发育异常 腺垂体发育不良 双重垂体 异位神经垂体 Cortical white matter Hippocampus Hippocampal Formation (Medial View) Hippocampal Formation (Lateral View) Development of the Hippocampus 1. dentate gyrus 2. hippocampus proper 3. subiculum HS: hippocampal sulcus TH: temporal horn The six neocortical layers Layer 1: molecular Mostly axons and dendrites Layer 2: external granular Layer 3: external pyramidal Corticocortical efferents Layer 4: internal granular Thalamic afferents Layer 5: internal pyramidal Subcortical efferents Layer 6: multiform layer Thalamic efferents * * 间脑的发生 据认为，间脑仅由翼板形成，它起源于原始前脑泡尾侧部增厚了的外侧壁。在胚胎早期，由视泡形成的视杯借视柄连于间脑的外侧壁。 在胚胎第6周时，间脑两侧壁室腔面上出现下丘脑沟。可看作是界沟的延续，但事实未必。约第7周时，下丘脑沟上方又出现一上丘脑沟。 尽管丘脑核团生长迅速，但快不过大脑半球，故发育定型时只有膝状体和丘脑枕能从表面看到。 眼的发生 a | The neural plate is the starting point for the development of the vertebrate eye cup. b | The neural plate folds upwards and inwards. c | The optic grooves evaginate. d | The lips of the neural folds approach each other and the optic vesicles bulge outwards. e | After the lips have sealed the neural tube is pinched off. At this stage the forebrain grows upwards and the optic vesicles continue to balloon outwards: they contact the surface ectoderm and induce the lens placode. f | The optic vesicle now invaginates, so that the future retina is apposed to the future retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and the ventricular space that was between them disappears. Developing retinal ganglion cells send axons out across the retinal surface. The surface ectoderm at the lens placode begins to form the lens pit. This section is midline in the right eye, through the choroid fissure, so only the upper region of the retina and the RPE are visible. g | The eye cup grows circumferentially, eventually sealing over the choroidal fissure and enclosing the axons of the optic nerve (as well as the hyaloid/retinal vessels; not shown). The ectodermal tissue continues to differentiate and eventually forms the