講義一.ppt

2.完全互補 Ex： ※折扣價 a b Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 個別需求 1.價格變化 A B C 價格消費線 P.C.C 線的移動 互補品 替代品 個別求曲線 P.C.C A B C Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 需求:在其他條件不變,對應不同價格下,消費者願意,且能夠購買的 數量 2.所得變動 所得消費線 I.C.C a b c I.C.C 恩格爾曲線 負斜率 = 劣等財 正斜率 = 正常財 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Ex： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ※ 替代 所得 效果 a.正常財,價格下跌 替代 所得 b.正常財,價格上漲 b a c a c b 所得 替代 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. c.劣等財,價格下跌 a b c 所得 替代 d.季芬財 c b a 所得 替代 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 替代 所得 1.原均衡 3. 替代 所得 效果 Ex： 2. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ※預期效用（expected utility） ※風險傾向 風險趨避 (風險逃避) 風險愛好 風險中立 ※風險趨避 ※風險愛好 U M 貨幣效用函數愈來愈大,隨所得增加 ---U愈來愈大 a b U M Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ※風險中立 ※風險趨避 Ex： a b c b a b a U M b a M U 風險中立貨幣效用函數不變 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Ex： b a c e U M ※風險愛好 ※風險中立 ※風險趨避 b a U M A B e e b a M U U M 風險貼水(願意損失) d d Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. U M 最多願意的保費 當所得確定在X與沒投保的滿足程度是相同 風險貼水 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 廠商目標 利潤 營收 成本 追求利潤最大 針對不同的市場結構 市場結構 完全競爭 ?　價格接受者 廠商之間會相互幫忙 獨占?　法令、人為（透過公平會監督 or 懲罰廠商） 寡占?　競爭激烈 獨占性競爭 Eval