《化学工程与工艺专业外语Unit12.docxVIP

Transport phenomena is the collective name given to the systematic and integrated study of three classical areas of engineering science: (i) energy or heat transport, (ii) mass transport or diffusion, and (iii) momentum transport or fluid dynamics. Of course, heat and mass transport occur frequently in fluids, and for this reason some engineering educators prefer to include these processes in their treatment of fluid mechanics. Since transport phenomena also includes heat conduction and diffusion in solids, however, the subject is actually of wider scope than fluid mechanics. It is also distinguished from fluid mechanics in that the study of transport phenomena makes use of the similarities between the equations used to describe the processes of heat, mass, and momentum transport. These analogies, as they are usually called, can often be related to similarities in the physical mechanisms whereby the transport takes place. As a consequence, an understanding of one transport process can readily lead to an understanding of other processes. Moreover, if the differential equations and boundary conditions are the same, a solution need be obtained for only one of the processes since by changing the nomenclature that solution can be used to obtain the solution for any other transport process.传递现象是工程学科中三类传统领域的系统研究和整体的研究的总称：（1）能量或热量传递，（2）质量传递或（质量）扩散，和（3）动量传递或流体动力学。当然，热量和质量传递经常在流体内发生，由于该原因，一些工程教育工作者偏向于（prefer to）把热量和质量传递过程放在在流体机械学中处理。然而，既然传递现象也包括固体中的热传递和热扩散，所以该学科实际上较流体机械学的研究范畴更广。传递现象在这个方面于流体机械学也有区别：传递现象研究利用了用于描述热量、质量和动量传递过程的等式（方程式）间的相似性。这些相似性，又通常称为类似性，经常与那些借以发生传递现象的物理机理联系起来。因此，一种传递过程的理解有助于理解其他过程。而且，如果微分方程式和边界条件相同，那么只要得到其中一个过程的解决方法即可，因为通过改变专业术语，该方法可用于得到其他任何传递过程的解决方法。It must be emphasized, however, that while there are similarities between the transport processes, there are also important differences, especially between the transport of momentum (a vector) and that of heat or mass (scalars). Nevertheless, a systematic study of the similarities between the transport processes mak