ChEmbeddedSystemOverview.ppt

Embedded Linux Basic components: Boot loader Linux kernel Further: Hardware drivers Application programs File systems based on ROM or RAM TCP/IP stack GUI 嵌入式操作系统 需要操作系统的场合 多任务 方便的用户界面 网络功能 升级和二次开发 嵌入式操作系统的基本功能 多任务调度 内存管理 硬件资源管理 1.5 嵌入式系统的特点 专门用于特定任务 嵌入式系统一般是专用系统，而PC是通用计算平台。 技术集成 软硬件集成，计算机和网络通信集成 有实时约束 一般采用实时操作系统 有功耗约束 软件通常没有系统和应用的区别，软件固化。 系统内核小 高可靠性 资源比PC少得多 嵌入式系统需要专用的开发工具 非垄断市场 Characteristics of embedded systems Sophisticated functionality. Real-time operation. Low manufacturing cost. Low power. Designed to tight deadlines by small teams. Functional complexity Often have to run sophisticated algorithms or multiple algorithms. Cell phone, laser printer. Often provide sophisticated user interfaces. Real-time operation Must finish operations by deadlines. Hard real time: missing deadline causes failure. Soft real time: missing deadline results in degraded performance. Many systems are multi-rate: must handle operations at widely varying rates. Non-functional requirements Many embedded systems are mass-market items that must have low manufacturing costs. Limited memory, microprocessor power, etc. Power consumption is critical in battery-powered devices. Excessive power consumption increases system cost even in wall-powered devices. Design teams Often designed by a small team of designers. Often must meet tight deadlines. 6 month market window is common. Can’t miss back-to-school window for calculator. 1.6 嵌入式系统软件开发 编程语言 汇编、C、Java… 交叉编译器(cross compiler) 在一种机器(host)上为另一种机器(target)生成代码的编译程序 开发流程 代码的下载与调试 开发平台 目标平台 下载代码 返回调试信息 嵌入式系统调试的方法 LED Simulator ICE (In-Circuit Emulator) 基于JTAG的Embedded ICE Angel Simulator Simulator (模拟器) 完全基于主机的软件。在主机上模拟了目标机中处理器的功能和指令， 特点 简单可行 缺乏在线调试功能和实时仿真功能 仅能模拟目标处理器，无法模拟处理器有关I/O的功能 常作为初步基本调试工具 ICE ICE: In-Circuit Emulator 传统用于测试印刷电路板的方法。 ICE是一种专用的设备，配有专用于特定CPU芯片的接头。将ICE的接头骑在CPU芯片上并加以固定，使它的每一条引线与CPU芯片上的对应引线接触，就可以监测CPU芯片各条引线上的逻辑电平。 由于集成电路的集成度不断提高，芯片的引脚不断增加；此外,为了缩小体积常常采用表面贴装技术。因此，无法用常规的在线仿真的方式… Embedded ICE Embedded ICE: 一组调试寄存器 IBCR (Instructi