精讲精练：直接引语变间接引语.docVIP

（精讲精练）直接引语变间接引语（讲练结合版） 概述 引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。（直接引语） Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。（宾语从句是间接引语） 直接引语变间接引语应注意的问题 1.连接词的选择： 1）直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去），that从句之前用say、tell等动词。 He said , “I like it very much.” →He said （that ）he liked it very much. 2）直接引语是一般问句 变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if连接，使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。 She said, “Is your father an engineer?” →She asked me if （whether） my father was an engineer. 3）直接引语是特殊问句 如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出，构成间接引语中的宾语从句，如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。 “When did you get up this morning?”asked my father. →My father asked me when I had got up that morning. 4）直接引语是祈使句 当直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语要用”tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构。 The teacher said to her mother ,”Please give me the book.” →The teacher told her mother to give her the book. 巧记：去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加to； ask， order须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。 转述祈使句时，要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时，就将please去掉。成为：told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not) to do something结构。 He said,“Sit down, please.” →He asked me to sit down. The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ” →The teacher told us not to talk in class! The captain said to his men,“Fire! ” →The captain ordered his men to fire. The policeman said to the children,“Dont play football in the middle of the street.” →The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street. 2、人称的变化 直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers, it，its, they, their，theirs，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。 一随主： They said