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精讲精练:直接引语变间接引语
(精讲精练)直接引语变间接引语(讲练结合版)
概述
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法:直接引述别人的原话,这叫做直接引语(direct speech)。用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语(indirect speech)。一般地讲,直接引语前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号,而用宾语从句来表达。 Mr. Black said, “Im busy.”布菜克先生说:“我很忙”。(直接引语) Mr. Black said that he was busy.布菜克先生说他很忙。(宾语从句是间接引语)
直接引语变间接引语应注意的问题
1.连接词的选择:
1)直接引语如果是陈述句
变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省去),that从句之前用say、tell等动词。
He said , “I like it very much.”
→He said (that )he liked it very much.
2)直接引语是一般问句
变为间接引语时,须用连接词whether或if连接,使其成为间接引语的宾语从句。如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked。如果谓语动词后没有间接宾语,可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
She said, “Is your father an engineer?”
→She asked me if (whether) my father was an engineer.
3)直接引语是特殊问句
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句, 改为间接引语时,仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many作为连接词将其引出,构成间接引语中的宾语从句,如果主句中的谓语动词为said,则将其改为asked。
“When did you get up this morning?”asked my father.
→My father asked me when I had got up that morning.
4)直接引语是祈使句
当直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语要用”tell sb. (not) to do sth.”结构。
The teacher said to her mother ,”Please give me the book.”
→The teacher told her mother to give her the book.
巧记:去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加去掉引号要加to; ask, order须记住,直引若是否定式,not加在to前部。
转述祈使句时,要使祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell、ask、order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加not。如果祈使句中有please一词,改为间接引语时,就将please去掉。成为:told (asked, ordered, warned)someone (not) to do something结构。
He said,“Sit down, please.”
→He asked me to sit down.
The teacher said, “Don’t talk in class! ”
→The teacher told us not to talk in class!
The captain said to his men,“Fire! ”
→The captain ordered his men to fire.
The policeman said to the children,“Dont play football in the middle of the street.”
→The policeman warned the children not to play football in the middle of the street.
2、人称的变化
直接引语改为间接引语人称要相应的变化。口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I,me,my,mine,we,us,our,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you,your,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he,him,his,she,her,hers, it,its, they, their,theirs,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。
一随主: They said
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