外研社八下宾语从句精讲.ppt

宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句在句中作主句的宾语。 eg. We know Mr Green teaches English. 宾语从句的句子结构： 主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句 二、宾语从句三要素： 连 接 词 时 态 语 序 （一）连 接 词 1、由that引导（从句的原句是陈述句）。 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that，that 在句 中无词义, 在从句中不能充当成分, 在口语当中 往往省略。 I hear (that) he will be back in an hour. He said (that)he missed us very much. Brown lives in that house? 选择疑问句或反意疑问句 如果宾语从句是一般疑问句，其引导词用if/whether,是“是否”之意，不能省略。与or not连用时只能用whether，不能用if 。 I want to know if (whether) he will go to the park with us . I don’t know whether it is going to rain or not. 3. 、由疑问代词what, whom, whose, which, what及疑问副词 when, where, how, why引导(原句为特殊疑问句) 如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转换而来的，其引导词则用原来的疑问词，它在句子中充当成分，意思不变。 He asked who could answer the question. Do you know whom they are waiting for?. 注意：在由疑问词引导的宾语从句中， 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致 时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定 式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Can you tell me how to get to the station？ （二）语序：陈述句语序 即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） 1、陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 2、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. （三）、宾语从句的时态 1、主句是一般现在时或将来时，从句时态则根据实际情况来定。 Please tell me when we’ll have a meeting. Would you tell me why the train is late？ 注意：在由could, would引导的主句中, 从句一般 要用现在时。因为could, would经常表示礼貌或 婉转的语气, 而不是过去时。 Could you please tell me where the bank is? Would you please tell me how far it is from here to the hospital? 2.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相应的过去某种时态。 如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. Jack told me (that) he often went sightseeing on holiday. He didn’t say what Father Christmas had put in his stocking. 3.如果宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或真理、 自然现象、名言时，不管主句是什么时态，从 句都要用一般现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 三、宾语从句注意事项 (一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： What’s wrong