病毒性肝炎总论.ppt

2. 乙肝的预防 被动免疫：人乙肝高效价免疫球蛋白 主动免疫：基因工程疫苗——已推广 基因疫苗——在研究中 3. 丙肝、丁肝及戊肝疫苗尚出于基础研究阶段 免疫球蛋白的预防效果也不肯定 人有了知识，就会具备各种分析能力， 明辨是非的能力。 所以我们要勤恳读书，广泛阅读， 古人说“书中自有黄金屋。 ”通过阅读科技书籍，我们能丰富知识， 培养逻辑思维能力； 通过阅读文学作品，我们能提高文学鉴赏水平， 培养文学情趣； 通过阅读报刊，我们能增长见识，扩大自己的知识面。 有许多书籍还能培养我们的道德情操， 给我们巨大的精神力量， 鼓舞我们前进。 * Key messages Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. There are 350 million chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus worldwide. Hepatitis B is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide. Geographical prevalence varies widely throughout the world. Nearly 75% of HBV chronic carriers are Asian. Points of explanation The geographical prevalence of hepatitis B varies from a highly endemic disease in Asia and Africa to a disease of low prevalence in North America and Western Europe. Additional information More than 2 billion people worldwide have been infected with HBV though not all of these have become chronically infected. The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia results from hepatitis B virus infection References Margolis HS, Alter JH, Habler SC. Hepatitis B: evolving epidemiology and implications for control. Sem Liver Dis 1991;11:84-92 Mast EE, Alter JH. Epidemology of viral hepatitis: an overview. Sem Viral 1993;4:273-283 World Health Organisation Data * * Key message Progression of hepatitis B is variable. Acute hepatitis B is usually self limiting and benign, but may progress to chronic hepatitis B in a proportion of patients. Chronic hepatitis B may lead to more serious conditions including cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Points of explanation In the liver, acute infection (short term infection) with hepatitis B causes the body to mount an immune response to eliminate the virus. The immune system attempts to eradicate the virus by destroying HBV infected liver cells. In some patients the immune response succeeds and the patient makes a complete recovery (resolu