第四章维特比算法-吉林大学通信工程学院.docVIP

摘 要 进入21世纪，随着信息社会的到来，人们对电信业务的需求日益增大，逐渐由单一的电话业务发展到数据、图像、多媒体等综合业务。非对称数字用户环路(ADSL)作为接入网宽带过程中的过渡技术，得到日益广泛的应用。其核心技术是离散多音频调制(DMT)，它比正交调幅调制(QAM)和无载波振幅相位调制(CAP)具有更优越的性能。 DMT调制把信道分成若干个子信道，每个子信道有一对正交载波，对数据流进行QAM调制，其中采用的网格编码调制(TCM)编码实际上是在QAM的基础上进行卷积编码以实现纠错功能，解调时采用“最大似然维特比(Viterbi)软判决”进行译码。 卷积码可以看作是将发送的信息序列通过一个线性的，有限状态的移位寄存器而产生的码，描述卷积码的方法之一是给出其生成矩阵，其编码是通过将输入信息序列与表示寄存器和模2加法器相连关系的生成矩阵进行卷积得出。维特比译码算法是卷积码的最大似然译码，通过在网格图上寻找与接收序列有最大度量的路径得以实现，根据其采用的不同度量可分为硬判决和软判决算法。 本文模拟实现了简单卷积编码和译码的过程，从理论分析和仿真图形两个角度比较了首次差错事件概率，比特差错概率这两种描述译码性能的方法，并给出了不同译码方法时的编码增益，比较得出：在的范围内，软判决译码比硬判决译码有2～3dB的增益。使用卷积编码的系统较之未编码系统的编码增益取决于码率Rc和最小自由距离。 关键字：ADSL；DMT；卷积码；维特比算法 ABSTRACT In the 21 century, with the development of communication, the requirement of the telecom operation goes increasingly greater. It has gradually grown from the telephone service to the integrated operations include the high speeds data transmission, image, multimedia and so on. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL) as a transition technology in the processing of Access Network bandwidth is becoming more and more popular today. It is based on the existing twisted pair loop. Its core technology is Discrete Multi-tone Modulation (DMT), which is superior to Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Carrierless Amplitude Phase Muduation (CAP). DMT divides the available bandwidth into a large number of bands. The information sequence is split into parallel bitstreams that are used to QAM-modulation by a couple of quadrature carriers in each band. The Trellis Code Modulation (TCM) used in DMT is the combination of convolutional encoding and QAM-modulation, using Viterbi algorithm to decode when demodulation. Passing the information sequence to be transmitted through a linear finite-state shift register generates a convolutional code. One method of describing a convolutional code is to give its generator matrix that contains the connections of the encoder to that modulo-2 adder. The Viterbi Algorithm is the Maximum Likelihood Decoder of convo