《语法难点突击.docVIP

语法难点突击 基本语法快速回顾 词类：分为实词(notional word)和虚词(form word)。 实词都有实意，包括六类： 名词n.、代词pron.、形容词adj.、数词num.、动词v.、副词adv.； 虚词没有实意，共有四类： 冠词art.、介词prep.、连词conj.、感叹题int.。 句子成分：包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补和表语（主系表结构中出现）。 主语：The sun is shining in our faces. 谓语：The play began at eight, so they must dine at seven. 宾语：She gave a roar of pain. 定语：John had a great desire to travel. 状语：Alex did badly on exam. As I approached, Reid gave me a nod of greeting. 补语：Hill will be declared the winner of the fight. I consider the book expensive. 表语：John Stuart Mill was an early feminist. 短语：包括名词短语(a university student)、动词短语(cannot believe)、形容词短语(quite warm)、副词短语(hard enough)、介词短语(at the gate)、不定式短语(to eat three meals a day)、动名词短语(watching TV)、分词短语(Walking home, the girl was frightened by a noise.)和一些固定词组(at once)。 从句：包括 主语从句：How this happened is not clear to anyone. 表语从句：The trouble is that I have lost his address. 宾语从句：She ask me which I liked best. 定语从句：The man who I saw is called Smith. 状语从句：A telegram came after you had gone. 同位语从句：The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 句子： 五种基本结构： 1主语+谓语：Day dawns. 2主语+谓语+宾语：Ruth understands French. 3主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：He told us the whole story. 4主语+谓语+主语补语：He died a poor man. 或主语+连系动词+表语：Tom’s father is a doctor. 5主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语：He found George intelligent. 句子按结构分为三种： 简单句：一个含有主语和谓语的句子； 并列句：由等立连词把两个或两个以上的简单句（叫做分句）合成的句子； 复合句：由关联词把主句和一个或一个以上从句合成的句子。 句子按照目的或用途，又分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 难句分类分析要点（例句结构较难，有余力可细看） 复合从句 按作用分：定语从句同位语从句主语从句宾语从句分词结构 简单复合从句 套用结构，同时使用几种从句彼此嵌套，如宾语从句中包含定语从句 并列结构，和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同 复杂合从句：句子中出现省略、插入和倒装等形式 “soap war” between Proctor and Gamble (PG) and Unilever, tremendous use is made of statistics to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional to advertising, which constitutes such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs. 分析：此句结构比较复杂，但主句很简单，主语为use，谓语为is made。use的定语为of statistics，即tremendous use of statistics is made of…。to m