《操作系统最经典三张纸.docVIP

进程： 线程： 进程同步，临界区问题 死锁问题： 内存管理： 虚拟存储： 文件系统： I/O 系统： 生产者-消费者问题（指利用了n-1个单元） shared data #define BUFFER_SIZE 10 typedef struct { . . . } item; item buffer[BUFFER_SIZE]; int in = 0; int out = 0; item nextProduced; // local variable while (1) { /* produce an item in nextProduced */ while (((in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE) == out); buffer[in] = nextProduced; in = (in + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; } item nextConsumed; // local variable while (1) { while (in == out); // buffer is empty nextConsumed = buffer[out]; out = (out + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE; /* consume the item in nextConsumed */ } 调度队列的种类： job queue – set of all processes in the system ready queue – set of all processes residing in main memory, ready and waiting to executegenerally stored as a linked list device queues – set of processes waiting for a particular I/O device, eg. a tape driver, a disk 进程状态： new: being created running: instructions are being executed waiting: waiting for some event to occur ready: waiting to be assigned to a processor terminated: has finished execution 调度器scheduler分类： long-term scheduler (or job scheduler) – selects which processes should be loaded for execution short-term scheduler (or CPU scheduler) – selects which process should be executed next and allocates CPU 进程同步种类： blocking(synchronous) versus nonblocking (asynchronous) blocking send: the sending process is blocked until the message is received by the receiving process or by the mailbox nonblocking send: the sending process sends the message, and resumes operation blocking receive: the receiver blocks until a message is available nonblocking receive: the receiver retrieves either a valid message or a null, and resumes operation FCB的内容： Process state Program counter CPU registers CPU scheduling information Memory-management information Accounting infor