general descriptionof production, properties,and usesof（一般起生产、属性和机会）.doc

General Description of Production, Properties, and Uses of Sintered Powder Metallurgy Bearings and Structural Parts This information serves as a guide to the specifications for sintered PM bearings and structural parts(ASTM designations: B595, B783, B817, B823, B848, B853, B883) Powder metallurgy (PM) components can be made by pressing and sintering metal powders. These parts may be used as bearings or in structural applications. The powder metallurgy process is used for economic advantage and for unique properties. POWDERS Metal powders are made by mechanical, chemical, and physical processes such as milling, solid-state reduction of an oxide, or atomization. The method of choice depends on the particular metal. PROCESSING The major processing steps are compaction of a metal powder and sintering of the PM compact.Compaction The initial step is the application of pressure to the desired quantity of metal powder that is contained in a rigid die. To a large degree, the initial compaction dictates the density, shape, dimensions, and mechanical properties of the finished part. Sintering Under properly controlled conditions of temperature, heating rate, time, and furnace atmosphere, the compacted metal powder particles are metallurgically bonded and the green compact becomes a useful part. The sintering temperature has the greatest influence on final properties. Nevertheless, sintering time and furnace atmosphere can be selected to provide optimum properties along with cost-effective processing. Post-Sinter Processing (Secondary Operations) Additional processing steps include sizing, coining, restriking, double pressing double sintering (DPDS or 2P2S), impregnation, and infiltration (see Terminology B243). Of course, PM parts can also be heat treated, plated, brazed, welded, or machined as required. Because PM parts are less dense than cast or wrought materials (they contain pores), these processing steps may have to be modified from the