ppt课件-classesofpolymericmaterials-csu,chico.pptVIP

Copyright Joseph Greene 2001 Classes of Polymeric MaterialsElastomers Elastomers Elastomers are rubber like polymers that are thermoset or thermoplastic butyl rubber: natural rubber thermoset: polyurethane, silicone thermoplastic: thermoplastic urethanes (TPU), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), thermoplastic olefins (TPO), thermoplastic rubbers (TPR) Elastomers exhibit more elastic properties versus plastics which plastically deform and have a lower elastic limit. Rubbers have the distinction of being stretched 200% and returned to original shape. Elastic limit is 200% Rubbers Rubbers have the distinction of being stretched 200% and returned to original shape. Elastic limit is 200% Natural rubber (isoprene) is produced from gum resin of certain trees and plants that grow in southeast Asia, Ceylon, Liberia, and the Congo. The sap is an emulsion containing 40% water 60% rubber particles Vulcanization occurs with the addition of sulfur (4%). Sulfur produces cross-links to make the rubber stiffer and harder. The cross-linkages reduce the slippage between chains and results in higher elasticity. Some of the double covalent bonds between molecules are broken, allowing the sulfur atoms to form cross-links. Soft rubber has 4% sulfur and is 10% cross-linked. Hard rubber (ebonite) has 45% sulfur and is highly cross-linked. Rubber Additives and Modifiers Fillers can comprise half of the volume of the rubber Silica and carbon black. Reduce cost of material. Increase tensile strength and modulus. Improve abrasion resistance. Improve tear resistance. Improve resistance to light and weathering. Example, Tires produced from Latex contains 30% carbon black which improves the body and abrasion resistance in tires. Additives Antioxidants, antiozonants, oil extenders to reduce cost and soften rubber, fillers, reinforcement Vulcanizable Elastomeric Compounds Rubbers are compounded into practical elastomers The rubber (elastomer) is the major component and other components are given