ppt课件-chapter24gaschromatography-unl.pptVIP

Gas Chromatography Introduction 1.) Gas Chromatography Mobile phase (carrier gas) is a gas Usually N2, He, Ar and maybe H2 Mobile phase in liquid chromatography is a liquid Requires analyte to be either naturally volatile or can be converted to a volatile derivative GC useful in the separation of small organic and inorganic compounds Stationary phase: Gas-liquid partition chromatography – nonvolatile liquid bonded to solid support Gas-solid chromatography – underivatized solid particles Bonded phase gas chromatography – chemical layer chemically bonded to solid support Magnified Pores in activated carbon Zeolite molecular sieve Bonded phase Gas Chromatography Introduction 2.) Instrumentation Process: Volatile liquid or gas injected through septum into heated port Sample rapidly evaporates and is pulled through the column with carrier gas Column is heated to provide sufficient vapor pressure to elute analytes Separated analytes flow through a heated detector for observation Gas Chromatography Instrumentation 1.) Open Tubular Columns Commonly used in GC Higher resolution, shorter analysis time, and greater sensitivity Low sample capacity Increasing Resolution Narrow columns ? Increase resolution Resolution is proportional to , where N increases directly with column length Easy to generate long (10s of meters) lengths of narrow columns to maximize resolution Gas Chromatography Instrumentation 1.) Open Tubular Columns Increasing Resolution Decrease tube diameter Increase resolution Increase Column Length Increase resolution Gas Chromatography Increase Stationary Phase Thickness Increase resolution of early eluting compounds Also, increase in capacity factor and reduce peak tailing But also decreases stability of stationary phase Instrumentation 1.) Open Tubular Columns Increasing Resolution Gas Chromatography Instrumentation 2.) Choice of liquid stationary phase: Based on “like dissolves like” Nonpolar columns for nonpolar solutes Stro