ppt课件-chapter1structureandbonding.pptVIP

Chapter 9 Floating and Flow Archimedes’ Principle Floating Objects 300,000 ton metal ship floats while a 0.1 g pebble sinks Not weight, but density that matters Archimedes’ Principle Density = mass/volume Mass = (volume)(density), so objects with the same volume can have different masses, depending on how dense they are Buoyant Force = If you push down on a floating piece of wood, it pushes back Archimedes’ Principle says buoyant force = weight of fluid displaced by the submerged object Fluid is more dense (water/wood) Buoyant Force Weight of Wood Fluid is less dense (water, lead) Buoyant Force Weight of Lead Wood Floats because it is less dense than water Lead Sinks because it is more dense than water Source of the Buoyant Force (FB) Like the atmosphere, pressure is greatest at bottom of a fluid (water) Larger pressure at the bottom produces a larger upward force than the downward force created by the smaller pressure at the top Buoyant Force = difference between the top/bottom forces Average Density Why does a steel ship float? Steel is more dense than water/ In complex shapes, you must use the Average Density The steel ship has many air pockets—density is much less than water Average density of ship (steel + air) is less than water, so it floats Analyze Forces on a Sumberged Object Average Density Fluid Density WO FB Object sinks Average Density Fluid Density WO FB Object Floats Just enough remains submerged so that Wo = FB Average Density = Fluid Density WO = FB Object will stay submerged Submarine or a fish Object can sink or rise slowly by slightly changing its density Submarine takes in water Fish change air bladder size II. Fluids in Motion Flowing Water Continuity of Flow: same amount of water entering and exiting the stream or pipe at all times Speed of the water increases as the stream/pipenarrows Volume = L x A (A = W x H) Rate of water flow = Volume/time = LA/t Velocity of water flow = v = L/t Rate of water flow = vA If Ar