ppt课件-chapter3linearregressionandcorrelation.pptVIP

Chapter 3Linear Regression and Correlation Descriptive Analysis Presentation of Two Quantitative Data Chapter Objectives To be able to present two-variables data in tabular and graphic form Display the relationship between two quantitative variables graphically using a scatter diagram. Calculate and interpret the linear correlation coefficient. Discuss basic idea of fitting the scatter diagram with a best-fitted line called a linear regression line. Create and interpret the linear regression line. Terminology Data for a single variable is univariate data Many or most real world models have more than one variable … multivariate data In this chapter we will study the relations between two variables … bivariate data Bivariate Data In many studies, we measure more than one variable for each individual Some examples are Rainfall amounts and plant growth Exercise and cholesterol levels for a group of people Height and weight for a group of people Types of Relations When we have two variables, they could be related in one of several different ways They could be unrelated One variable (the input or explanatory or predictor variable) could be used to explain the other (the output or response or dependent variable) One variable could be thought of as causing the other variable to change Lurking Variable Sometimes it is not clear which variable is the explanatory variable and which is the response variable Sometimes the two variables are related without either one being an explanatory variable Sometimes the two variables are both affected by a third variable, a lurking variable, that had not been included in the study Example 1 An example of a lurking variable A researcher studies a group of elementary school children Y = the student’s height X = the student’s shoe size It is not reasonable to claim that shoe size causes height to change The lurking variable of age affects both of these two variables More Examples Some other examples Rainfall amounts and plant growth