ppt课件-chapter4processcostingandhybridproduct-costingsystems.pptVIP

Chapter 4: Process Costing and Hybrid Product-Costing Systems Job order costing: costs are accumulated and assigned to discrete products and jobs. Process costing: cost are accumulated and averaged in departments and applied to batches/flow of products on equivalent units (assuming labor and overhead are uniformly applied). More Process Costing Definitions Equivalent Units: a measure of the amount or production effort applied to a physical unit of production. For example, if there are 100 units that are 75% complete, there are 750 equivalent fully complete units. Transferred-in Costs: costs that are assigned to in-process parts that are transferred from one production department to another. Weighted -Average Method: method of process costing where the costs assigned to the beginning WIP inventory are added to the current period production costs. The cost per equivalent unit is a weighted average of the beginning WIP and the current cost. Process Costing at Bala’s Cookie Factory Direct Materials: Flour Eggs Sugar Sprinkles Direct Labor and MOHA are applied uniformly throughout cookie making process. Cookie making is performed in a single stage production facility (Bala’s kitchen). DM transferred in at 0% completion for Batter/Baking QC to remove burnt, broken, and malformed cookies is performed at 30% completion. Taste samples are also taken form this 30% Additional DM added at 40% complete to enhance taste and physical characteristics of cookie. Additional DM added at 80% complete for decoration. Weighted Average Method of Process Costing Steps to Prepare Departmental Production Report Step 1: Analysis of Physical Flow of Units (Physical units in beginning work in process) + (Physical units started) - (Physical units completed and transferred out) Physical units in ending work in process. Step 2: Calculation of Equivalent Units (Eq. units of activity in units completed/transferred out)