ppt课件-chapter1preservationandthefossilrecord-unicollegeof.pptVIP

Fossils Evolution—Brachiopoda Brachiopods—Stuff to know Bold font terms in text Classification and stratigraphic ranges of Classes and Orders Be able to identify correct Order for any given specimen (not necessary to identify genera) Living brachiopods Brachiopoda—Phylum overview Solitary (but individuals often live in clusters) Bivalved, with each valve being bilaterally symmetrical Marine; mostly shallow marine (100–200m), but can occur in depths 2000m Attached by pedicle or unattached; some infaunal Filter feeders Brachiopoda—Phylum overview Possibly share a common ancestor with bryozoans (both groups possess a lophophore) Stratigraphic range is Early Cambrian to Recent Peak diversity in Ordovician, Devonian, Permian Major reduction coincident with end-Permian mass extinction Mesozoic peak diversity in Jurassic Brachiopod diversity Classification Brachiopod morphology Ventral valve (a.k.a. “pedicle valve”) Lower or bottom valve Dorsal valve (a.k.a. “brachial valve”) Upper or top valve Foramen = pedicle opening (largely or entirely in pedicle valve) Anterior = end of shell opposite foramen Posterior = end of shell containing foramen Commissure = line along which two valves meet Hinge = articulation mechanism Teeth in pedicle valve; sockets in brachial valve Brachiopod morphology Hinge, teethand sockets Brachiopod morphology Shells may be highly ornamented Growth lines (concentric) Ribs (radial) Fold (major raised area) Sulcus (major depressed area) Spines (sometimes extensions of growth lamellae; sometimes discrete structures) Shell ornamentation Features of the posterior region (pedicle and hinge region) Pedicle opening Delthyrium = triagular opening in pedicle valve Notothyrium = smaller opening in brachial valve Interarea = planar or curved surface between “beak” and hingeline Ventral interarea Dorsal interarea Posterior region Posterior region (cont.) Internal features Body cavity houses major organs in posterior region of shell Mantle cavity in anterior re