ppt课件-characteristicsofnormalandabnormalurine.pptVIP

Characteristics of Normal and Abnormal Urine Heather Nelson, RN Urine Amount Normal: 1200-1500 ml Abnormal: Under 1200 ml Decreased fluid intake Kidney failure Abnormal: Over 1500 ml Diabetes Diuretics Increased fluid intake Urine Color Normal: Straw, amber, or transparent Urine Color Abnormal: Dark amber Insufficient fluid intake resulting in concentrated urine Cloudy Infectious process Dark orange Drugs (e.g., Pyridium) Red or dark brown Disease process causing blood in urine Urine Consistency Normal: Clear liquid Abnormal: Mucous plugs, viscid, thick Infectious process Urine Odor Normal: Faint aromatic Abnormal: Offensive Infectious process Urine Sterility Normal: No microorganisms present Abnormal: Microorganisms present Infection of the urinary tract Urine pH Normal: 4.5 to 8 Abnormal: Over 8 Urinary tract infection Abnormal: Under 4.5 Uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, dehydration Urine Specific Gravity Normal: 1.010 to 1.025 Abnormal: Under 1.010 Diabetes insipidus, kidney disease, overhydration Abnormal: Over 1.025 Diabetes mellitus, underhydration Urine Glucose Normal: Not present Abnormal: Present Diabetes mellitus Urine Ketone Bodies (Acetone) Normal: Not present Abnormal: Present Diabetic coma, starvation, prolonged vomiting Urine Blood Normal: Not present Abnormal: Occult Kidney disease Abnormal: Bright red Hemorrhage * *