ppt课件-combinedozonation-nanofiltrationfordrinkingwater.pptVIP

Combined Ozonation-Nanofiltration for Drinking Water TreatmentB.S. Karnik1, K.C. Chen1, D.R. Jaglowski2,S.H. Davies 1,3, M.J. Baumann2, S.J. Masten1 1 Civil Environmental Engineering 2 Chemical Engineering Materials Science 3 Biosystems Agricultural Engineering Michigan State University  Chlorination Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) Disinfection byproducts are formed by the reaction of chlorine with natural organic matter. The compounds formed include trihalomethanes (THMs; e.g., chloroform, chlorodibromomethane, bromoform) haloacetic acid (HAAs) (e.g., dichloroacetic acid) chloropicrin and dichloroacetonitrile Technologies for the reduction of DBP formation Enhanced coagulation Granular activated carbon Membrane filtration Alternate disinfectants Chlorine dioxide Chloramines UV radiation Ozone Ozone Ozonation decreases the formation of chlorinated DBPs Leads to the formation of other DBPs, including ketones, aldehydes, bromate biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) In high TOC waters, ozonation is expensive leads to excessive DBP formation Membrane filtration Nanofiltration can remove 90% of natural organic matter (NOM) Extent of removal depends upon operational conditions, including molecular weight cutoff and water quality Problems low permeate flux fouling cleaning of membranes Combined Ozonation /Nanofiltration Aim is to combine both processes to reduce problems associated with the use of the processes individually Ceramic membranes resistant to degradation by ozone less subject to NOM fouling than many polymeric membranes costly compared to polymeric membranes Experimental apparatus Experimental details Membrane TiO2 filtration layer on an AZT (Aluminum/Zirconium/Titanium Oxide) support MWCOs 1 kD, 5 kD and 15 kD pore size ca. 1 nm, 3 nm and 10 nm Experimental conditions Cross flow filtration – cross flow velocity 1.5 m/s Ozone: 1.0 to 12.5 g/m3 @ 100 ml/min Trans-membrane pressure – 0.21-0.23 bar Temperature – 20oC All sam