ppt课件-coremodulesformsoftobacco.pptVIP

Rx for CHANGE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES of SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE Periodontal effects Gingival recession Bone attachment loss Dental caries Oral leukoplakia Cancer Oral cancer Pharyngeal cancer TOBACCO USE and the DEVELOPMENT of CANCER TOBACCO: CANCERS CAUSED by TOBACCO Lung Larynx Oral cavity and pharynx Esophagus Pancreas TOBACCO and CANCER: CARCINOGENS in TOBACCO PRODUCTS Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Benzopyrene Benzanthracene Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) Aromatic amines Formaldehyde Benzene Vinyl chloride Cadmium Radioactive polonium-210 TOBACCO and CANCER: MECHANISM of CARCINOGENESIS Compounds in tobacco function as Carcinogens Initiate tumor growth Tumor promoters Stimulate the development of established tumors Co-carcinogens Enhance the mutagenic potential of carcinogens; possess little or no direct carcinogenic activity Irritants Induce inflammation and compromise tissue integrity TOBACCO and CANCER: CELL DIVISION TOBACCO and CANCER: MECHANISM of CARCINOGENESIS (cont’d) Formation of DNA adducts Covalent binding product of carcinogen (or its metabolite) to DNA Leads to miscoding and point mutations Mutations of oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cellular growth and development of cancer TOBACCO and CANCER: MECHANISM of CARCINOGENESIS (cont’d) TOBACCO USE and the DEVELOPMENT of CANCER: SUMMARY Tobacco products cause a variety of cancers Carcinogens present in tobacco products are responsible for these cancers Carcinogenesis likely involves a multistep process: Formation of DNA adducts Permanent cellular mutations Unregulated cellular growth TOBACCO USE and the TREATMENT of CANCER PREVALENCE of SMOKING AMONG PATIENTS with CANCER A large proportion of patients are current or former smokers at the time of cancer diagnosis Prevalence of ever smoking is highest among patients with tobacco-related cancers 90% -- lung cancer 80% -- head and neck cancer 20–50% of patients with cancer continue to smoke after diagnosi