ppt课件-designofexperiments.pptVIP

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTSbyR. C. Baker How to gain 20 years of experience in one short week! Role of DOE in Process Improvement DOE is a formal mathematical method for systematically planning and conducting scientific studies that change experimental variables together in order to determine their effect of a given response. DOE makes controlled changes to input variables in order to gain maximum amounts of information on cause and effect relationships with a minimum sample size. Role of DOE in Process Improvement DOE is more efficient that a standard approach of changing “one variable at a time” in order to observe the variable’s impact on a given response. DOE generates information on the effect various factors have on a response variable and in some cases may be able to determine optimal settings for those factors. Role of DOE in Process Improvement DOE encourages “brainstorming” activities associated with discussing key factors that may affect a given response and allows the experimenter to identify the “key” factors for future studies. DOE is readily supported by numerous statistical software packages available on the market. BASIC STEPS IN DOE Four elements associated with DOE: 1. The design of the experiment, 2. The collection of the data, 3. The statistical analysis of the data, and 4. The conclusions reached and recommendations made as a result of the experiment. TERMINOLOGY Replication – repetition of a basic experiment without changing any factor settings, allows the experimenter to estimate the experimental error (noise) in the system used to determine whether observed differences in the data are “real” or “just noise”, allows the experimenter to obtain more statistical power (ability to identify small effects) TERMINOLOGY .Randomization – a statistical tool used to minimize potential uncontrollable biases in the experiment by randomly assigning material, people, order that experimental trials are conducted, or any other factor not under the control