ppt课件-faulttolerancereliabilitycda5140spring2006.pptVIP

Fault Tolerance Reliability CDA 5140 Spring 2006 Chapter 1 Overview Definitions Topics basic concepts of Fault Tolerance (FT) reliability availability of systems, both hardware software tools to compare contrast FT designs What is FT? Computing in presence of errors Some techniques from analog systems of 1940’s - 1960’s Digital technology adds to these to be faster, better cheaper Investigate architecture keeping in mind tradeoff of cost, weight volume Becoming more important as digital systems become more more prevalent Why Have FT? Needed more in 21st century since: Harsher environments Many novice users Increasing repair costs Larger systems Digital systems more prevalent More users dependent on digital systems from business to government to home to school How is FT Obtained? Add redundancy in form of: Hardware, e.g. RAID Software, e.g. 2 algorithms for same task Information, e.g. coding theory Time, e.g. on Internet if fault, then new route Definitions Terminology Failure - departure from correct operation Fault - flaw in hardware or software resulting in failure, e.g. physical problems, design flaws, defects in hardware; design or implementation for software Error - incorrect response from module leading to system failure if no FT Type - hardware or software Cause - improper design, hardware failure, external disturbance Definitions continued Permanent Fault - always present, needs repair to remove Intermittent fault - not always present but still needs repair to remove Transient fault - will disappear without repair Fault latency - fault can go undetected does not cause error Fault-avoidance - use of high quality components careful design to avoid faults Fault-tolerance - use of redundancy (hardware, software, information or time) to correct system operation after fault occurs Definitions continued Graceful degradation - system still performs but with degraded but correct performance after faults Fail-safe - system can fail but only to safe sta