ppt课件-geomorphicprocessesendogenicandexogenic.pptVIP

Geomorphic Processes:II. Exogenous II. Gradation Processes – Weathering, Mass Wasting, Erosion, Transportation and Deposition Geomorphic Processes: Physical processes which create and modify landforms on the surface of the earth Endogenous (Endogenic) vs.Exogenous (Exogenic) Processes Rock Cycle ? A. Endogenous Processes Endogenous Processes are large-scale landform building and transforming processes – they create relief. 1. Igneous Processes Volcanism: Volcanic eruptions ? Volcanoes Plutonism: Igneous intrusions Tectonic Processes (Also called Diastrophism) Folding: anticlines, synclines, mountains Faulting: rift valleys, graben, escarpments Lateral Faulting: strike-slip faults Earthquakes ? evidence of present-day tectonic activity B. Exogenous Processes Also called Gradational Processes, they comprise degradation and aggradation – they modify relief a continuum of processes – Weathering ? Mass Wasting ? Erosion ? Transportation ? Deposition these processes are carried through by Geomorphic Agents: gravity, flowing water (rivers), moving ice (glaciers), waves and tides (oceans and lakes), wind, plants, organisms, animals and humans 1. Degradation Processes ? Also called Denudation Processes a. Weathering , b. Mass Wasting and c. Erosion and Transportation Aggradation Processes a. Deposition – fluvial, eolian, glacial, coastal Relationship: Weathering Mass Wasting Erosion and Transportation Together, these processes are responsible for Denudation of Earth’s surface WEATHERING Weathering is disintegration and decomposition of rocks in situ – no transportation involved ? produces regolith More precisely, it involves the mechanical or physical disintegration and/or chemical decomposition that fragments rock masses into smaller components that amass on-site, before being moved by gravity or transported by other agents The processes begin in microscopic spaces, cracks, joints, faults, fractures, lava