ppt课件-industrialhygiene-missourist.pptVIP

Industrial Hygiene An Introduction For Chemical Engineers Goal of Industrial Hygiene Worker safety and well-being Anticipation Recognition Evaluation Control Workplace Hazards Chemical Physical Ergonomic Biological Chemical Hazards Irritants Asphyxiants CNS Agents Specific organ agents Genetic activity Acute versus Chronic Irritants Respiratory Skin Eye Irritants Primary/Secondary Primary – at source of contact Secondary – travels through blood to another area Reversible/Irreversible Sensitization Irritant that has a delayed reaction on subsequent exposure Asphyxiants Simple Asphyxiants N2 CO2 He CH4 Dilute air so oxygen content is low Chemical Asphyxiants CO HCN H2S Interact at cellular level to inhibit oxygen uptake. Central Nervous System Depressants Narcotics Anesthetics Depressants CNS Depressants Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Increased chain length enhances effect Addition of an alcohol group (i.e. ethanol) Addition of a halide group enhances the effect Specific Organ Attack May be reversible or irreversible Blood - Hemotoxic Liver – Hepatotoxic Lungs – Pulmonotoxic Kidneys – Nephrotoxic Skin – Dermatotoxic Nerves Brain - Neurotoxic Genetic Activity Typically is irreversible Causes cancer – Carcinogen Causes chromosome damage – Mutagen Causes birth defects – Teratogen Causes damage to reproductive system -Reproductive Hazard Anticipation of Chemical Hazards Consider the following: Raw materials Intermediates formed Final products Disposal of used products Maintenance materials “Cradle to Grave” thought process Anticipation of Chemical Hazards Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established Permissible Exposure limits They are defined in time weighted average, TWA, for most working conditions. Short Term Exposure Limits, STEL, for 15 minute exposure. Ceiling, C, for maximum allowable concentration. American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established Threshold Limit Values, TLV. Anticipation of Chemical Hazards M