ppt课件-lecture2bacterialpolymerization.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Microbial Growth Physical Requirements for Growth: 2 pH pH Most bacteria grow between pH 6.5 and 7.5 Molds and yeasts grow between pH 5 and 6 Acidophiles grow in acidic environments Chemical Requirements for Growth: Nitrogen In amino acids, proteins Most bacteria decompose proteins Some bacteria use NH4+ or NO3? A few bacteria use N2 in nitrogen fixation Sulfur In amino acids, thiamine (硫胺素=Vb 1), biotin (生物素 VH) Most bacteria decompose proteins Some bacteria use SO42? or H2S Chemical Requirements for Growth: Oxygen (O2) Chemical Requirements for Growth: Organic Growth Factors Organic compounds obtained from the environment Vitamins, amino acids, purines (嘌呤), pyrimidines (嘧啶) Culture Media Culture Medium: Nutrients prepared for microbial growth Sterile: No living microbes Inoculum: Introduction of microbes into medium Culture: Microbes growing in/on culture medium Examples of Culture Media Anaerobic Culture Methods Anaerobic jar Anaerobic Culture Methods Anaerobic chamber Some bacteria require high CO2 Candle jar O2-packet Selective Media Enhance the growth of certain wanted organisms but suppress unwanted microbes. Enrichment Media Encourages growth of desired microbe Assume a soil sample contains a few phenol-degrading bacteria and thousands of other bacteria Inoculate phenol-containing culture medium with the soil and incubate Transfer 1 ml to another flask of the phenol medium and incubate Transfer 1 ml to another flask of the phenol medium and incubate Only phenol-metabolizing bacteria will be growing A pure culture contains only one species or strain A colony is a population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells A colony is often called a colony-forming unit (CFU) Streak Plate (平板划线) A few words Medium sterilization Sterilization: all living cells, viable spores, viruses are killed or removed from object or habitat though: Irradiation: destroys/distorts nucleic acids X-rays m