ppt课件-kanttheethicsofduty.pptVIP

?Lawrence M. Hinman Immanuel Kantand the Ethics of Duty Overview Part I. The Ethics of Duty Part II. Universalizability and the Categorical Imperative Also see these presentations: Kant and Respect The Kantian Heritage: An Assessment Part I.The Ethics of Duty More than any other philosopher, Kant emphasized the way in which the moral life was centered on duty. Two Conceptions of Duty Duty as following orders The Adolph Eichmann model Duty is external Duty is imposed by others Duty as freely imposing obligation on one’s own self The Kantian model Duty is internal We impose duty on ourselves The second conception of duty is much more morally advanced than the first. Duty and Following Orders “I had known the Categorical Imperative, but it was in a nutshell, in a summarized form. I suppose it could be summarized as, ‘Be loyal to the laws, be a disciplined person, live an orderly life, do not come into conflict with laws’—that more or less was the whole essence of that law for the use of the little man.” Adolph Eichmann Duty and Self-Interest The example of Edmund Ross He voted against Jackson’s impeachment as a matter of duty The Grocer Example The grocer with regular customers might be honest just out of self-interest. Duty and Utility: The Suicide Example Duty and Inclination Kant was mistrustful of inclinations (Neigungen) as motivations This was part of his view of the physical world as causally determined Saw feelings as Unreliable Passive Phenomenal The Man of Duty “Suppose then that the mind of this friend of man were overclouded by sorrows of his own which extinguished all sympathy with the fate of others, but that he still had power to help those in distress, though no longer stirred by the need of others because sufficiently occupied with his own; and suppose that, when no longer moved by any inclination, he tears himself out of this deadly insensibility and does the action without any inclination for the sake of duty alone; then for the first t