57020 mechanicsof fluids transfer processes（57020年mechanicsof液体转移过程）（5页）.docVIP

57:020 Mechanics of Fluids Transfer Processes Laboratory Experiment #1 Measurement of Kinematic Viscosity Marian Muste, Fred Stern 1. Purpose To measure the kinematic viscosity of a fluid, the uncertainty of the measurement, to compare the measured kinematic viscosity with manufacturer’s value, and to demonstrate the effects of viscosity by comparison of the fall times for spheres of different densities and diameters. 2. Experiment Design A fluid deforms continuously under the action of a shear stress (/fluidslab/referenc/concepts.html - select Viscosity). The rate of strain in a fluid is proportional to the shear stress. The proportionality constant is the dynamic viscosity (). Viscosity is a thermodynamic property that varies with pressure, temperature, and fluid nature. For instance, for a given state of pressure and temperature, there is a variation of three orders of magnitude between water and glycerin, the fluid which will be used in this experiment. The kinematic viscosity ?? where is the density of the fluid, is most frequently used in the equations of fluid mechanics. Common methods used to determine viscosity are the rotating-concentric-cylinder method (Engler viscosimeter) and the capillary-flow method (Saybolt viscosimeter). Alternatively, we will measure the kinematic viscosity through its effect on a falling object. The maximum velocity attained by an object in free fall (terminal velocity) is strongly affected by the viscosity of the fluid through which it is falling. When terminal velocity is attained, the body experiences no acceleration, so the forces acting on the body are in equilibrium (Figure 1). Figure 1. Experimental arrangement The forces acting on the body are the gravitational force, (1) The force due to buoyancy, (2) and the resistance of the fluid to the motion of the body, similar to friction. For Re