atomic theory- universityof hong kong（原子理论——香港大学）（20页）.docVIP

Atomic Theory Teacher’s Version NOS/STSE Features Laws describe relationships among observable phenomena. Theories are the explanations of these descriptions. There is no hierarchical relationship between a law and a theory. Scientists often collaborate. Tentative nature of science. Table of Contents Introduction (i) Activity 1: Conservation of mass P.1 Activity 2: Law of Definite Proportions P.4 Activity 3: Atomic Theory P.6 Activity 4: Assessment P.10 Appendix 1: Activity Guide P.13 Appendix 2: Lesson Plan P.14  Introduction Rationale While students may not have much difficulty in reciting or stating the Law of Conservation of Mass, extensive research on students’ understanding has demonstrated that many of them are not able to apply the law in new situations or to think with the aid of the law. While we frequently refer to the Law of Conservation of Mass in our teaching of chemistry, surprisingly the law is not addressed in the chemistry curriculum or textbooks explicitly. It is believed that if students learn it consciously and through a variety of activities, they can have a stronger foundation for learning other chemistry concepts. For the teaching or learning activities about the law, please see Activity One and the Assessment Tasks. Performance of Hong Kong (HK) Form 2 students in international comparative studies of science achievement shows that they are not very capable of drawing conclusions from experiment results. For example this question from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) conducted in 1999. Two open bottles, one filled with vinegar and the other with olive oil, were left on a window sill in the sun. Several days later it was observed that the bottles were no longer full. What can be concluded from this observation? Vinegar evaporates faster than olive oil. 6% Olive oil evaporates faster than vinegar. 3% Both vinegar and olive oil evaporate. 49% * Only liquids containing water