author’s guide- u. s. forest service（作者的指导——美国森林服务）（8页）.docVIP

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author’s guide- u. s. forest service（作者的指导——美国森林服务）（8页）.doc

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bUA Large-scale Risk Assessment of the Biotic Integrity of Native Brook Trout Watersheds M. Hudy1, T. M. Thieling2, and J. K. Whalen3 1 - National Aquatic Ecologist - East, USDA Forest Service, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia; 2 – Resource Information Analyst (GIS), USDA Forest Service, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia; 3 – Forest Fisheries Biologist, USDA Forest Service, Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, Russellville, Arkansas ABSTRACT— Many physical, chemical and biological watershed level changes over the last hundred years have threatened the long-term integrity of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the eastern United States. Evaluations of the integrity of native brook trout watersheds over their native range are useful to guide decision makers, managers and publics in setting priorities for watershed level restoration, inventory and monitoring programs. Our objective was to 1) develop meaningful physical, chemical and biological metrics that could be used in watershed level risk, and prioritization assessments and 2) determine the current range of conditions for each watershed level metric to establish a benchmark to assist managers in evaluating the relative conditions of their watersheds at various scales of interest. We screened over 100 metrics and developed a multi-metric risk model (Watershed Integrity Rating – WIR) using metrics that related to watershed and water corridor; land use, sedimentation, fragmentation, air quality and human population. We tested the Watershed Integrity Rating on all 5th level watersheds in the eastern United States that contained National Forest (NFS) lands and native brook trout (current and historic). Watersheds in the Western Great Lakes region had the highest Watershed Integrity ratings while New England and the Southern Appalachians had the lowest ratings. Many individual watersheds throughout the native range appear to be at risk for brook trout survival with a high percent