chapter2 populationandthe world economy（chapter2 populationandthe世界经济）（8页）.docVIP

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chapter2 populationandthe world economy（chapter2 populationandthe世界经济）（8页）.doc

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chapter2 populationandthe world economy（chapter2 populationandthe世界经济）（8页）

Chapter 2: Population and the World Economy Population characteristics The roles of human population Primary objective of economic activity to meet human needs and desires People are producers as well as consumers Key issues Is there a global imbalance between producers and consumers? Does population growth prevent sustainable development? How does population growth affect poverty, unemployment, and political stability? What are the population distributions, characteristics, and trends of population growth for developed versus developing countries? What are some of the competing theories on the causes and consequences of population growth? How can demographic methods be applied to the process of regional economic change? Geographic differences in population growth rates, population size, and population density Populous countries do not necessarily have high growth rates in population. (Table 2.1) Ten of the world’s nearly 200 countries account for two-thirds of the world’s population. Five countries--China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil—contain one-half of the world’s population. Only three—the U.S, Russia, and Japan—of the top ten most populous nations are considered developed. Population density is generally the highest is small city-states or islands, such as Singapore. Not all crowded countries are poor. Of the top ten most densely populated areas, three are developed and three others are NICs. (Table 2.2) Population density varies considerably within countries as well as across countries. Factors Influencing the Distribution of Population Physical environment—concentration at low elevations, milder and more humid climates. Air conditioning, heating, water storage, and irrigation are technologies that have offset the effects of climate extremes. Cultural effects and economic systems within a historical context have effects on fertility, mortality, and migration. Fertility rates decrease with economic development. Mor