history- coastal conference（历史——沿海会议）（15页）.docVIP

COASTAL PROCESSES IN THE COFFS HARBOUR REGION James T Carley1, Stephen J Wyllie1, Douglas B Lord2 and Ronald J Cox1 Corresponding author: james.carley@.au phone: 02 9949 4488 Senior Coastal Engineer 1. Water Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales 110 King Street, Manly Vale NSW 2093 2. NSW Department of Natural Resources Introduction Coffs Harbour is widely considered to be the safest anchorage between Port Stephens and Moreton Bay. The harbour has had a history of sand infill, and this progressive shallowing has resulted in additional wave breaking across the entrance of the outer harbour, which compromises navigability in moderate to big seas. The interception of northward littoral drift sand by the harbour has exacerbated long term erosion of beaches to the north and resulted in accretion of Boambee Beach to the south. Boambee is one of the few accreting beaches in NSW. Current harbour Coffs Harbour is situated on the mid-north coast of New South Wales approximately 570 kilometres north of Sydney. The harbour covers approximately 70 hectares, however, only the inner harbour of 5.8 hectares (8% of the total harbour area) can be considered an all-weather anchorage. South of Coffs Harbour, the coastline faces generally south-east and consists of long sandy embayments between rocky headlands. North of the harbour the embayments are smaller and are more easterly facing. Prior to harbour modifications, which commenced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (see below), Coffs Harbour’s immediate coastline consisted of a pocket beach with two offshore islands. The present configuration (Figure 1) is an artificial harbour utilising two natural islands, consisting of the following major works: The northern rock breakwater connecting Muttonbird Island in the north to the mainland. The eastern rock breakwater extending approximately 500 m seaward of Corambirra Point on South Coffs Island. The area between the mainland and South Coffs Island which i