CT成像和资料.pptVIP

所谓图像分割，就是根据医学图像的某种相似性特征（如亮度、颜色、纹理、面积、形状、位置、局部统计特征或频谱特征等）将医学图像分割为若干个互不相交的连通区域的过程，相关特征在同一区域内表现出一致性或相似性，而不同区域间表现出明显的不同,即在区域边界上的像素具有某种不连续性。一般说来，有意义的图像分割结果中至少存在一个包含感兴趣目标的区域。 Image segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions (sets of pixels). The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze. Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.) in images. 条件①说明了分割的完整性，即分割算法对图像的每个像素都进行了操作，使得每个像素都被归类到某个区域（或类），没有遗漏； 条件②保证了两个不同的区域（或类）没有交集，即没有某个像素可能属于两个不同的区域（或类）； 条件③说明了分割后的每个区域将达到最大尺度； 条件④ 说明了每个分割区域（或类）按照某种属性具有均匀性（即相同或相似），这种属性可以是各种图像特征（如灰度、纹理等）或效应的某种语义的描述。 * Gradient Operators Computation of the gradient of an image: Soebel operators provide both a differencing a smoothing effect: * Summary The magnitude of the first derivative detects the presence of an edge and the sign of the second detects whether the edge pixel lies on the dark or light side of an edge. The second derivative has a zero-crossing at the mid-point of a transition. The first derivative of an image has a peak at the edge The second derivative of an image has a zero crossing at the edge * Laplacian (of a 2-D function f(x,y)): A 3 x 3 discrete mask based on the above is: * Laplacian The idea: Coefficient of center pixel should be positive Coefficients of outer pixels should be negative Sum of coefficients should be zero (the Laplacian is a derivative) * Image Segmentation * Laplacian The Laplacian is seldom used in practice, because: It is unacceptably sensitive to noise (as second-order derivative) It produces double edges It is unable to detect edge direction * Laplacian An important use of the Laplacian: To find the location of edges using its zero-crossings property. Plus, the Laplacian plays only the role of detector of whether a pixel is on the dark or light side of an edge. * Laplacian Convolve an ima