关键词中药鉴别鉴别历史鉴别方法鉴别综述中图分类号R2825文献标识码A文章编号10011528200001010110.docVIP

摘要：中药鉴别随着中药的发展而经历一个较长的发展过程，根据常用的鉴别手段将中药鉴别的发展历史划分为以下3个历史阶段：第一阶段：从中药的形成至19世纪前后，这一阶段以人的经验鉴别为主；第二阶段：19世纪至20世纪前50年，这一阶段逐步形成了基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等中药研究的“四大鉴别法”；第三阶段：20世纪50年代至今，这一阶段随着相关学科的飞速发展，出现了许多以仪器分析为主的现代鉴别方法，使中药鉴别研究获得了新的发展。主要方法有：1. 色谱法：包括薄层色谱法(TLC)、薄层扫描法(TLCS)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱法(GC)、气质联用法(GC/MS)；2. 光谱法：包括紫外光谱法(UV)、导数光谱法(DS)、红外光谱法(IR)、荧光光谱法(FP)、核磁共振光谱法(NMR)、质谱法(MS)；3. X衍射分析法(XRO)；4. 差热分析法(DTA)；5. 分子生物学技术：包括多聚酶链式反应(PCR)、随机扩增DNA法(RAPD)；6. 扫描电镜技术(SEM)；7. 计算机图像分析技术(CIA)；8. 电泳法(EP)：包括毛细管电泳法(CE)；9. 多元回归分析；10. 电分析法(EA)：包括示波极谱法、等电点法；11. X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)；12. 人工神经网络(ANN)。本文可为从事中药鉴别、教学、科研和中药新药开发工作者作参考。 关键词：中药鉴别；鉴别历史；鉴别方法；鉴别综述 中图分类号：R282.5文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-1528(2000)01-0101-10 The Progress in the Identification Skill of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Introduction of Modern Indentification Technique Zhang Hanming，Xu Tiefeng，Qin Luping，Guo Cheng1 (College of Pharmacy,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433 1Changzheng Hospital,Second Military Medical University,Shanghai 200433) Abstract： The identification of traditional Chinese medicine has undergone a relatively long history following the development of traditional Chinese medicine.In this paper,the history of the development of the identification of traditional Chinese medicine is divided into three historical stages according to the commonly used identification methods. The first stage covers from the formation of traditional Chinese medicine till around 19th century.During this stage,the empirical methods of human beings were mainly applied. The second stage covers from 19th century till the first 50 years of 20th century.During this stage,four main identification methods including source identification,trait identification,microscopic identification and physicochemical identification gradually came into being. The third stage covers from the 1950s till nowadays.During this stage,following the rapid development of interrelated disciplines,many modern identification methods,mainly instrumental analysis methods,have