MRI.Thermography.-MasarykUniversity.pptVIP

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Infrared imaging (thermography) Magnetic resonance imagingInfrared imaging The common feature of these imaging methods is the use of non-ionising radiation and the absence of genetic damage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most advanced imaging methods which gives both morphological and physiological (functional) information. The first MR image (cross-section of chest) was obtained by R. Damadian in 1977. Infrared imaging is a functional imaging method giving pictorial information on body surface temperature and thus level of metabolism. It is absolutely safe for the patient as the images are produced by IR radiation given out by the patient himself. First infrared cameras appeared in late 60‘ of 20th century. MRI Spin Spin is a specific property of sub-atomic particles (electrons, protons etc) like electric charge and mass Spin has some strange properties! electrons, protons and neutrons all have the same spin i.e., 1/2 pairs of particles of a single type (e.g., 2 electrons or 2 protons or 2 neutrons) can have a total spin of zero! particles having non-zero total spin act like small magnets (we say they have a ‘magnetic moment’) and their energy is affected if placed in a magnetic field Total Nuclear Spin (I) In MRI we are interested in the spin of NUCLEI In medicine, we use the magnetic properties of mainly light nuclides like hydrogen 1H, phosphorus 31P, carbon 13C, fluorine 19F or sodium 23Na to get anatomical or physiological information. MRI Theory The magnetic moment m of a nucleus is proportional to its angular momentum S (m = g.S, g is the gyromagnetic ratio) which depends on the total nuclear spin I. In the absence of an external magnetic field, the magnetic moments of nuclei have all possible (random) directions with the result that: The vector sum of the nuclear magnetic moments in a unit volume of a substance, i.e. the magnetisation vector, is equal to zero The energy of all nuclei is the same H Nu