solutionsof boundary layer equations- r i t- people（solutionsof边界层方程- r t -人）.docVIP

Solutions of Boundary Layer Equations Now we develop the solution strategies for the boundary layer equations given by Prandtl. Remember in his 2 equations of continuity and x-momentum, the pressure gradient term is assumed to be known. Continuity: (A) x-momentum: (B) Thus this set becomes mathematically solvable. There are two approaches to solve boundary layer equations. We shall present both here. However the emphasis will be in the second approach since it is easier to work with and gives an insight to the behavior of fluid particles in the boundary layer. The standard approaches are: Exact solution method (Blasius’ Solution) Approximate Solution Method (Karman-Pohlhausen Method) The second approach is also called the momentum integral method. We begin with the exact solution method given by Blasius. Exact Solution Method Blasius performed a transformation technique to change the set of two partial differential equations (A and B) into a single ordinary differential equation. He solved the boundary layer over a flat plate in external flows. If we assume the plate is oriented along the x-axis, we may neglect the pressure gradient term, i.e., . The traditional approach before Blasius was to drop out the continuity equation from the set by the introduction of the stream function ((x,y). With this definition: (B) ( However, Blasius used this equation in non-dimensional variables. Let us define ((x,y) as a single variable by: or . It is easy to verify that ( will be non-dimensional by substituting the units of (, U, ( and y. He also introduced the non-dimensional stream function given by: (Correction: Please replace ( by x in the section below) Using mathematical manipulation from calculus, we may write: = non-dimensional velocity function (by chain rule) But since , we may simplify v into . Similarly we can show: and Therefore, the original x-momentum can be written as upon simplifications. Note that this is