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2017-01-25 发布于四川
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ppt课件-a t e c h n o ló g i a mé r f l d k v e i a k o m m u n i ká c ió t e rü l e té n（t e c h n o lo g i r f l d k v e我k o m m u n我ka c io t e俄文l e te n）.ppt

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II. TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS II. TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS II. TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS II. TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION * II. 1. Communications Advances The development of the telephone Since Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it has become a cornerstone of modern life by offering nearly instantaneous connections around the world. The first two-way voice conversation was transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean in 1926, and commercial telephone service (using radio) began between New York and London in 1927. ATT launched international telephone service in 1935. Transoceanic phone service was began to be handled by submarine cables in 1956, and since 1962, by communications satellites. Today’s chemical engineers have brought us from copper wire to fiber optics, from switchboards to satellites, and from party lines to the Internet. Wireless communications Cellular phones and pagers depend on printed and integrated circuits, advanced materials, and miniaturization techniques enhanced by chemistry. ATT Labs developed mobile car telephones in the 1940s, but they were unpopular due to a lack of communications channels. The 1980s brought a big breakthrough when wireless communications were divided into a series of cells that automatically switched callers as they moved so that each cell could be reused. Cellular phones quickly became popular. Chemistry has also played a role in the development of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for cellular phones. Facsimile technology and xerography Although the German inventor Arthur Korn transmitted the first pictures electronically in 1902, the first functioning fax machine debuted in 1924. It adapted telephone circuits for picture transmission using telephotography: A photography transparency was scanned into electrical signals that indicated the shades of the image. This data was transmitted by