ppt课件-charles law power point- temperature volume relationship（查尔斯法律权力点体积-温度关系）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-charles law power point- temperature volume relationship（查尔斯法律权力点体积-温度关系）.ppt

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How Volume Varies With Temperature If we place a balloon in liquid nitrogen it shrinks: Temperature scales No. 68?F (20?C) is not double 50?F (10?C) Yes. 44 lb (20 kg) is double 22 lb (10 kg) What’s the difference? Weights (kg or lb) have a minimum value of 0. But the smallest temperature is not 0?C. We saw that doubling P yields half the V. Yet, to investigate the effect of doubling temp-erature, we first have to know what that means. An experiment with a fixed volume of gas in a cylinder will reveal the relationship of V vs. T… Temperature vs. Volume Graph (fig.7,8 pg.430) The Kelvin Temperature Scale If a volume vs. temperature graph is plotted for gases, most lines can be interpolated so that when volume is 0 the temperature is -273 ?C. Naturally, gases don’t really reach a 0 volume, but the spaces between molecules approach 0. At this point all molecular movement stops. –273?C is known as “absolute zero” (no EK) Lord Kelvin suggested that a reasonable temp-erature scale should start at a true zero value. He kept the convenient units of ?C, but started at absolute zero. Thus, K = ?C + 273. 62?C = ? K: K=?C+273 = 62 + 273 = 335 K Notice that kelvin is represented as K not ?K. Kelvin Practice What is the approximate temperature for absolute zero in degrees Celsius and kelvin? Calculate the missing temperatures 0?C = _______ K 100?C = _______ K 100 K = _______ ?C – 30?C = _______ K 300 K = _______ ?C 403 K = _______ ?C 25?C = _______ K 0 K = _______ ?C Charles’s Law Looking back at the temperature vs. volume graph, notice that there is a direct relationship. It can be shown that V/T = constant Read pages 432-3. Answer these questions: Give Charles’s law in words as an equation. Charles’s Law: as the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases proportionally, provided that the pressure and amount of gas remain constant, V1/T1 = V2/T2 A sample of gas occupies 3.5 L at 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 200 K? * The rela