ppt课件-diffusion-tensorimaginginaginganddementia（diffusion-tensorimaginginaginganddementia）.pptVIP

Diffusion-Tensor Imaging: Frontal Executive Function in Vascular Cognitive Impairment Stephen Salloway, MD Stephen Correia, PhD Paul Malloy, PhD William Heindel, PhD David Laidlaw, PhD Goal To develop diffusion-tensor imaging as an imaging biomarker of white matter integrity in aging and dementia Research Focus Frontal Systems Disruption ↓ Changes in Executive Cognition and Behavior ↓ Functional Disability/Conversion to Dementia Frontal Systems: Subcortical-thalamic connections Frontal Systems Function Processing speed Mental flexibility Planning Sequencing Decision-making Working memory Behavioral regulation, self-monitoring Motivation, drive, interest White Matter Changes in Aging Volume loss Greater than grey matter loss Greater in frontal lobes Loss of myelin Wallerian degeneration Subcortical ischemic vascular changes Selective vulnerability of frontal regions Increased interstitial fluid Subcortical Hyperintensities Vascular Cognitive Impairment Cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular disease Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease (SIVD) Most common form Increases with age cardiovascular risk factors Features of SIVD: Impaired executive function/mental flexibility Cognitive slowing Apathy depression Diffusion-Tensor Imaging MRI technique that provides in-vivo characterization of 3D white matter microstructure. Measures magnitude and direction of water diffusion in biological tissue in 3D. More sensitive to white matter changes than conventional MRI sequences. Detects changes in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) that correlate w/cognition DTI Basics DTI Basics Measures water diffusion in at least 6 directions – we use 12 for better resolution 1.5T magnet or greater capable of diffusion encoding Echo-planar imaging (fast acquisition) Collecting small voxels, scanning takes about 14 minutes Off-line post-processing (Laidlaw lab) Image analysis: Butler Hospital Quantitative Imaging Lab DTI – Tractography DTI Scalar Parameters Trace: Magnitude