ppt课件-fishparasitesasindicatorsofaquaticresources.pptVIP

Fish Parasites as Indicators of Aquatic Resources D. DorfmanMonmouth University, West Long Branch, NJ Abstract Biota utilizing fresh water, estuarine, and marine resources can be determined by various degrees of field surveys. When time is of the essence, and financial constraints demand more rapid responses for environmental assessments, literature reviews and federal and state reports can assist in plant and animal determinations of particular sites. To verify some of the available data, and to perhaps extend the data of organisms that may not be indicated, use of fish verified as in or around the site may be noted. The surveyor could then go to a checklist of parasites reported for these fish species (e.g. Hoffman, 1999, Anderson, 2000, Gibson, 1996), record these, then from the literature on these parasites, examine their life histories. The obtained data can add, measurably, to other species utilizing the site whether they are temporary or seasonal users of the site being studied (especially for birds, and invertebrates). For example a checklist for Fundulus heteroclitus (Hoffman, 1999) indicates that they are parasitized by 12 protozoa, seven monogenea, nine trematoda, two cestoidea, four nematoda, three acanthocephala, and five crustacea. The life histories of these parasites involve many intermediate and final hosts that could be added to the list of organisms that may be using the study site. Fundulus diaphanus, banded killifish Protozoa Myxobolus diaphanous M. funduli M. subtecalis Monogenea Ancyrocephalus angularis Gyrodactylus avalonis G. prolongis g. stegurus Salsuginis angularis S. funduli Fundulus diaphanus (cont.) Trematoda Allocreadium commune Asymphlodora sp. Clinostomum complanatum Crassiphiala bulboglossa Creptotrema funduli Diplostomulum sp. Homalometron pallidum Neascus pyriformis Neascus sp. Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus Petasiger sp. Posthodiplostomum minimum Rhipidocotyle septpapillata Trematodes Trematodes Trematodes Trematodes Tremato