ppt课件-floodplain definitions- p a w s（泛滥平原- p w s定义）.pptVIP

Meandering Stream Floodplain Definitions Topographic: first flat surface found along the river above the bankfull channel; Geomorphic: landform composed of unconsolidated sediments transported and deposited by the related stream (created by the river and composed of alluvial materials); Hydrologic: surface subject to periodic flooding by the stream and exerts a role in the hydrologic characteristics of the drainage basin (example – 100-year floodplain). Topographic Features Levees: Ridge that runs parallel to the river; due to enhanced deposition of sediment along the channel margins and a decrease in sediment size away from the channel; Splays: fan-shaped deposits associated with a breach in a levee; Splays are generally composed of coarser sediments than the levees; Oxbows and oxbow lakes: created by meander cutoffs; Slowly fill in with sediment; commonly fine-grained (clay plugs), but not always. Primary Processes Involved In Floodplain Formation Lateral Migration: lateral movement of the channel across the floodplain; consists of erosion of outer bank and deposition on the point bar. Produces fining upward deposits of semi-uniform thickness. Lateral Accretion of Floodplain Deposits by a Meandering Channel Primary Processes Involved In Floodplain Formation Lateral Migration: lateral movement of the channel across the floodplain; consists of erosion of outer bank and deposition on the point bar. Produces fining upward deposits of semi-uniform thickness. Vertical Accretion: deposition of sediment over the top of the floodplain during flood events; Produces horizontally bedded layers with varying degrees of lateral continuity. Vertical Accretion Common Stratigraphic Facies Lateral accretion deposits: produced by lateral accretion. Vertical accretion deposits: produced by vertical accretion. Channel Fill Deposits: sediments deposited during aggradation of an active channel or a paleochannel (e.g., an oxbow); variety of types. Channel lag deposits: found