ppt课件-g g450 lecture2 g r a v i t y b a s i c s- s o e s t schoolof oceanand（g g450 lecture2 g r v i t y b s i c s - s o e s t oceanand学院）.pptVIP

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ppt课件-g g450 lecture2 g r a v i t y b a s i c s- s o e s t schoolof oceanand（g g450 lecture2 g r v i t y b s i c s - s o e s t oceanand学院）.ppt

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GG 450 Lecture 2GRAVITY BASICS 1/17/08 In this section we will study a bit of the physics of gravity and see how study of changes in gravity can be used to solve geological problems. * GRAVITY Gravity, the force that effects our lives more than any other we think of as a constant, but changes in gravity are significant and relatively easy to measure with modern instruments. Since gravity changes with mass and distance away from mass, it is simple to make models of gravity anomalies, but in reality, most gravity anomalies can be fit by a host of models (non-unique). Even so, gravity measurements are often important supplements to other geophysical measurements. What IS gravity?? Mass attracts mass, but how? Where’s the “spring”? Gravity and electro-magnetic forces generate FORCE FIELDS. All mass feels the effects of all other mass in the universe, but, since the effect decreases as 1/r2, where r is the distance between the masses, we can often ignore all but the closest and largest masses. Many forces are POINT FORCES, acting at a point, like poking someone with a finger, force fields act uniformly over space. THIS is why gravitational force cant be felt. You dont feel gravity pulling you down, you feel the earth pushing you up. Geophysical studies using these fields are called the POTENTIAL FIELD METHODS, because we can find a SCALAR value at all points in space which tells us the potential effect on any body caused by all masses considered. The effect on any body can then be determined by differentiation. Just as a body will not feel a magnetic force if it has no susceptibility, a body will feel no gravitational force if it has no mass. More about potential later. Newtons Law of Gravity describes how the force of gravity behaves: where F is the gravitational force of attraction between the two masses, G is the universal gravity constant (6.6732x10-11 nt?m2/kg2, often called “Big G”), and r is the distance between the two masses.